Alfalfa

How to Grow Alfalfa

Overview

Alfalfa, scientifically known as Medicago sativa, is a versatile and nutritious plant that belongs to the legume family, Fabaceae. It's commonly known as lucerne in many parts of the world. This hardy perennial is prized for its deep green foliage, ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, and high nutritional value.

Growing Conditions

Alfalfa thrives in full sun and well-drained soils with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. It's drought-tolerant once established but performs best with consistent moisture. This plant is hardy in zones 4-10, making it suitable for most home gardens.

Planting & Care

Alfalfa seeds should be sown in early spring or fall, as the plant can tolerate both cool and warm temperatures. Amend your soil with compost before planting to improve drainage and fertility. Water regularly until the plants are established, then allow the soil to dry out between waterings.

Common Problems

Aphids and pea weeds can be issues when growing alfalfa. However, its nitrogen-fixing abilities often lead to lush growth that crowds out many competing weeds.

Harvest or Enjoy

Alfalfa is primarily grown for livestock feed but also makes a nutritious addition to home gardens. The deep green leaves are delicious in salads or sandwiches. To harvest seeds, allow the plants to flower and produce pods, then wait until the seeds inside rattle when the pods are shaken.